Earth

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Here is a list of conclusive truths as per the authority of Srimad-Bhagavatam and Surya-Siddhanta:

  1. “Earth” = Bhu Mandala according to the Srimad Bhagavatam, 5th canto
  1. Bhu Mandala is supported from below by an expansion of the Lord called Ananta Shesha
  1. ‘Our known world’ consisting of seven continents = Bharata Varsha (or a portion of Bharata Varsha)
  1. Bharata Varsha is fixed and immovable being contiguous with the island of Jambudvipa which is part of the larger Bhu Mandala landmass
  1. Bharata Varsha (nor Bhu Mandala) is ever described as spinning ball in lifeless dark space rotating around the sun
  1. Mt. Meru rises from Ilavrita Varsha in the center of Jambudvipa and directly above it is the fixed star Dhruvaloka (The Polestar aka the North star)
  1. Jyotish (astronomy & astrology) is also a geocentric tradition
  1. Earth is not listed in Jyotish science as a Graha (planet)
  1. The canopy of fixed stars rotate above Earth (in fixed relationships, ‘constellations’) once in 24 hours clockwise around the Dhruvaloka keeping the polestar on the right
  1. The Grahas (the wandering stars, or planets) move mainly in the same direction at different speeds (Sun and Moon) while some of these periodically reverse direction and thus turn retrograde (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn) and yet others travel opposite the stars (Rahu and Ketu)
  1. The Sun’s motion is both forward and backward simultaneously because as it travels clockwise with the stars, it’s speed is slower and thus it appears to ‘regress’ through the twelve zodiac signs, defining the solar year as observed from Earth
  1. Bharata Varsha (where we live) therefore neither spins on an axis nor orbits the sun
  1. Where we live is fixed and immovable with only the stars and planets moving above us